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* Uropi Nove 135 * Uropi Nove 135 * Uropi Nove 135 *
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De prefìks IN- in Uropi
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In Uropi de vord ‘in’ se obe u prepozisiòn wim in ‘in Uropi, in pol’ id un advèrb muvadi: ito in, faro in, reno in; idmàj je se os u prefìks: in-. Di prefìks av u konkreti sinad: « ito in » in de slogan verbe: inìto, invado, inkaso, inbarko, inbreko, indupo, wim de eglivalti prefìks in Europan lingas: in, ein-, în-, į-, en-, eis-, u-, v-, u-…
Ba in Uropi av je os u partikularid: di prefìks indìk os « ini muve » (mene, felade, inmuvade…, i.s.p.), za wo IE lingas uz jakivos disemi prefikse, we av nun procizi sin.
De klasiki samp se incepo (cepo inim, ki men, ki inteligad). Cepo ven od < Proto-Indeuropan (PIE) *kap- = nemo, cepo > Albàni kap = cepo, nemo (kuptoj = incepo), Lat capio (> cepi) = cepo, nemo id incepo (cepo ki inteligad) > It. capire(+ concepire = kocepo), D. kapieren, Da kapere = incepo…
Un find os de idea ov « nemo, cepo » in Franci com-prendre (ko + nemo) ‘saisir’ (= cepo + incepo), Rusi понимать ‘po-nimat’' (< PIE *em- = nemo > Lat emo, Lit imti, Latv. ņemt = nemo, Slav imiet', imati = avo), Gr καταλαβαίνω ‘kata-lavainô’ (< lavainô = becepo < Veti Gr. ‘labe!’ nem !), Nl be-grijpen = incepo, kocepo (< grijpen = cepo), D. be-greifen, Swe. be-gripa, Da be-gribe id Engli ‘to grasp’= (in)cepo.
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Le préfixe in- en Uropi
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En Uropi, le mot ‘in’ est à la fois une préposition = en, dans, comme dans ‘in Uropi, in pol’ (en Uropi, en ville), et un adverbe de mouvement, par ex. ito in, faro in, reno in = entrer, - en véhicule, - en courant. Ce préfixe existe avec le sens concret d'entrer dans: inìto, invado, inkaso, inbarko, inbreko, indupo (entrer, envahir, encaisser, embarquer, cambrioler, immerger), comme le préfixe équivalent dans les langues européennes: in, ein-, în-, į-, en-, eis-, u-, v-, u-…
Mais l'Uropi a cette particularité que ce préfixe indique aussi des "mouvements intérieurs" (pensée, sentiments, émotions, etc), alors que les langues i-e utilisent pour chaque terme des préfixes différents, qui n'ont pas un sens très précis.
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L'exemple classique est incepo (comprendre = saisir intérieurement, par la pensée, l'intelligence) qui vient de cepo = saisir, attraper < proto-indo-européen (PIE) *kap- = prendre, saisir > alb kap = saisir, prendre (kuptoj = comprendre), lat capio (> cepi) = prendre, saisir et comprendre (saisir par l'intelligence) > it capire (+ concepire = concevoir), al kapieren, da kapere = comprendre…
On retrouve l'idée de "prendre, saisir" dans com-prendre et ‘saisir’ (fig.), rus понимать ‘po-nimat' (< PIE *em- = prendre > lat emo, lit imti, let ņemt = prendre, slav imiet', imati = avoir), gr καταλαβαίνω kata-lavainô (< lavainô = recevoir < gr.ancien ‘labe!’ prends!), nl be-grijpen = comprendre, concevoir (< grijpen = saisir), al be-greifen, sué be-gripa, da be-gribe, et anglais to grasp = saisir (propre & fig.).
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The prefix IN- in Uropi
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In Uropi, the word ‘in’ is both a preposition = in, as in ‘in Uropi, in pol’ (in Uropi, in town), and an adverb of movement, for ex. ito in, faro in, reno in = go in, drive in, run in; it is also a prefix: in-. This prefix has a concrete meaning (entering) in: inìto, invado, inkaso, inbarko, inbreko, indupo (enter, invade, cash in, embark, burglarize, immerse), like the equivalent prefix in European languages: in, ein-, în-, į-, en-, eis-, u-, v-, u-…
But Uropi has a particularity: the prefix in- also indicates "inner movements" (thoughts, feelings, emotions, etc), whereas I-E languages each time use different prefixes, which do not have a very precise meaning.
The classic example is incepo (understand, that is to seize, to grasp innerly, intellectually, by thought). It comes from cepo = to catch, to seize < Proto-Indo-European (PIE) *kap- = to take, to seize > Albanian kap = to take, to seize (kuptoj = understand), Lat capio ( >cepi) = to take, to seize and understand > It. capire (+ concepire = conceive) G. kapieren, Da kapere = understand…
The idea of "taking, seizing" can also be found in French com-prendre (com- + take) and ‘saisir’(= seize and understand), Rus понимать ‘po-nimat' (< PIE *em- = take > Lat emo, Lit imti, Latv. ņemt = take, Slav imiet', imati = have), Gr καταλαβαίνω ‘kata-lavainô’ (< lavainô = receive < ancient Gr. ‘labe!’ = take !), Du. be-grijpen = understand, conceive (< grijpen = seize), G. be-greifen, Swe. be-gripa, Da be-gribe, and English ‘to grasp’.
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Alten sampe - autres exemples - other examples:
inbreno = brûler (intérieurement: passion, etc.), burn (innerly: passion, etc) < breno = brûler, burn, inbrenan = ardent, inbrenad = ardeur, ardour
incalo = invoquer, invoke < calo = appeler, call, cf Lat invocare < vocare = appeler, call
indaro = (s') endurcir (fig), become hardened < dar = dur, hard > darivo = durcir, devenir dur (phys.), harden
indaven = doué, gifted < davo = donner, give, cf D. be-gabt, Nl be-gaafd, Da be-gavet, Rus одарённый "o-darennyï", Tc (Czech) na-daný, Bul na-daren
indiko = indiquer, indicate < diko = montrer, show < PIE *deiḱ- id, Hindi दिखाना dikhāna, Gr. δείχνω "deikhnô" = montrer, show, Lat indico > It. indicare…
indolo = affliger, afflict < dol = douleur, pain < Lat dolor, cf Rum. î-durera < durere = douleur, pain, Rus. причинять боль pritciniat’ bol’, Hindi कष्ट देना kasht dena (causer de la souffrance, cause pain < bol’, kasht = douleur, pain)
induto = introduire, introduce < duto = mener, to lead < Lat duco, ductus > induco, introduco > It. introdurre, D. ein-führen, ein-leiten, Nl in-leiden, Da ind-føre, Rus вводить v-vodit’, Ser. u-vesti, Tc (Cz) u-vést, Gr. εισάγω "eis-agô", Latv. (let) ie-vadīt…
infedo = confier à, entrust < fedo = faire confiance, trust < Lat fido > It. af-fidare, cf D. an-vertrauen, Swe an-förtro, Rus доверять do-veriat’, Cro po-vjeriti, Tc (Cz). s-věřit, Gr. εμπιστεύομαι em-pistévomai
infelo = avoir l'intuition de (ressenti intime), have an intuition < felo = sentir, éprouver, feel > infelad = intuition, infeli = intuitif, intuitive
influjo = influence(r) < flujo = couler, flow, fluj = flux, cf Fr, Eng in-fluence, D. Ein-fluss, nl in-vloed, Swe in-flytande, Slo v-pliv, Slk v-plyv = influence
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infrijo = attraper un rhume, catch a cold < frij < Esp frio = froid, cold, cf Esp, Por res-friarse, It. raf-freddarsi, D. sich er-kälten, Nl ver-kouden worden, Swe. för-kylas, Cro pre-hladiti se, Tc (Cz). na-chladit se, Rus простудиться prо-studit’sia
infremo = inhiber (freiner intérieurement), inhibit, restrain < fremo = freiner, brake > infremen = inhibé, inhibited
ingeni = inné, inborn < geno = naître, to be born < PIE *ǵenh- = engendrer, beget, Cf Gr. εγγενής en-genês, Lat ingenitus, innatus, It. Esp innato, D. ein-geboren, Nl in-geboren, Latv.(let) ie-dzimts, Lit į-gimtas, Ser. u-roden, Pol w-rozony, Rus врождённый v-roʒdionnyj
ingopo = instiller, instill < gop = goutte, drop, gopo = goutter, drip (cf Lat instillo < stilla = goutte, drop, Gr ενσταλάζω "en-stalazô")
inkapto = captiver (capter l’intérêt), captivate < kapto = capturer, capture
inkargo = charger (d'une tâche, responsabilité), put sbdy in charge of < kargo = charger (camion, etc.) to load, cf Esp. encargar < cargar, It. incaricare < caricare
inklino = être enclin à, avoir un penchant pour, be inclined < klino = être penché, incliné, to slope > inklinad = inclination, penchant, inklinen = enclin(ed)
inkluzo = inclure, include < kluzo = fermer, to close, Lat claudo, cludo ( > clusum), Gr. κλείω "kleiô" < PIE *klehₐwis = verrou, crochet, bolt, hook > Lat includo > It. includere, Esp incluir, cf Gr. εγκλείω en-kleiô, D. ein-schließen, Nl in-suiten, Swe inne-sluta, Rus включать v-klioutchat’, Cr, Sr u-klučiti, Slo v-klučiti
inlucad = illumination, "les Lumières" (éclairer l’esprit), the Enlightenment < luc, luco = lumière, éclairer (phys.), (to) light > inlucen despòt = despote éclairé, enlightened despot
inluʒad = illusion (mensonge intérieur, qu'on se fait à soi-même, lying to oneself) < luʒo = mentir, to lie
inmuvo = émouvoir, move (touch) < muvo = mouvoir, move (shift) cf Gr συγκινώ syn-kinô < κινώ kinô (mouvoir, move), It con-muovere, Esp con-mover; Eng move & D rühren (sans préfixe = mouvoir et émouvoir, move both meanings)
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inopro = inaugurer, inaugurate < opro = ouvrir, open, cf D. er-öffnen, Rus открывать otkryvat’ (ouvrir et inaugurer, open and inaugurate)
inpieno = enivrer (fig: les sens, etc.), enrapture < pien = ivre, drunk > pienivo = se saouler, get drunk, cf Rus опьянять o-p'ianiat', Tc (Cz) o-pít, Pol u-pić
inplago = frapper (de stupeur, affecter), strike (affect, stun) < plago = frapper (physiquement), hit (physically)
inprès = impression < preso = presser, appuyer, press > inpreso = impressionner, cf Eng to impress; It impressione, Esp impresión, D. Ein-druck < drücken, Nl in-druk, Swe in-tryck, Rus впечатление "v-petchatlenie" < печать petchat', Gr εντύπωση en-typôsî < τυπώνω "typônô" = impression
inprosad = impulsion, impulse (poussée intérieure, inner thrust) < proso = pousser, push cf D. An-trieb, Nl aan-drift, Da ind-skydelse
inrico = enrichir (intérieurement: connaissance, culture), enrich < ric = riche, rich > arico = enrichir (argent), make rich
insino = insinuer, insinuate < sin = sens (signification), meaning, cf D. an-deuten, Nl aan-duiden, Da an-tyde, Tc (Cz) na-značit
instajo = insister, insist < stajo = rester, stay < Lat instare, insistere, cf Rus настоять na-stojat’, Cro na-stojati, Pol ob-stawać, Latv (let) uz-stāt, Gr. επιμένω "epi-menô" < μένω "menô" = rester, stay
instruo = former, instruire, to train, instruct < struo = construire, build < Lat struo, Rus строить stroit’ > Lat instruo, cf It. istruire, Esp, Por instruir, Da instruere, Latv.(let) instruēt, Lit instruktuoti, Pol instruować, Alb instruktoj…
insujo = souiller (fig), sully, besmirch < sujo = salir, to dirty < Lat sudicus = humide, juteux, wet, juicy, cf Esp en-suciar, Por sujar, Fr souiller, D. be-sudeln, Nl be-zoedelen, Swe be-sudla, Da be-sudle
intogo = toucher (affecter, émouvoir), touch (affect) < togo = toucher (physiquement), touch (physically), Nl be-roeren, ont-roeren, Da be-røre, Tc (Cz) do-týkat se, Gr. θίγω "thigô"
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